Learning Theory and Instructional Design

We have done some reading that aids in designing instruction based on which learning theory you are using. Remember that the learning theories include behavioral, cognitive, social and constructive.

In cognitive theory you are trying to communicate knowledge to your student and you are concerned with the mental processes going on. The article titled "Learning Theories of Instructional Design" (http://www.usask.ca/education/coursework/802papers/mergel/brenda.htm) stated that the influence of cognitive science in instructional design is evidenced by the use of advance organizers, mnemonic devices, metaphors, chunking into meaninful parts and the careful organization of instructional materials from simple to complex.

Does instruction map out learning 9behavioral and cognitive), or does instruction foster more learning (constructivist)?
In the same website as listed above, it was stated by Jonassen that the difference between constructivist and objective (behavioral and cognitive) is that the objective design has a predetermined outcome and intervenes in the learning process to map a pre-determined concept of reality into a learner's mind, while constructivism maintains that because learning oucomes are not always predictable, instruction should foster learning.